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   Fruits 1-9 | DOI: 10.17660/th2023/016
ISSN 0248-1294 print and 1625-967X online | © ISHS 2023 | Fruits, The International Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Horticulture | Original article
Identification and quantification of glucosinolates with HPTLC-ESI MS/MS in Moringa oleifera Lam. in the rainy and dry seasons

T. Rodríguez-García1, J.F. Pérez-Barcena2, N. Nava-Gutiérrez3, B.H. Camacho-Díaz4, K.M. Granados-Vega4 and S. Evangelista-Lozano4,a
1 CONAHCYT – Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos (CEPROBI-IPN), Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla, Km 6, Calle Ceprobi No. 8, Col. San Isidro, C.P. 62731, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico
2 Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud (CICS-UMA-IPN), Licenciatura en Nutrición, CICITEC, Ex – Hacienda del Mayorazgo, Km. 39.5 Carretera Xochimilco – Oaxtepec, C.P. 12000, A.P. 87-005, Ciudad de México, México
3 Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Avenida Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Ciudad Universitaria Sur, 39086 Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Gro., Mexico
4 Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos (CEPROBI-IPN), Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla, Km 6, Calle Ceprobi No. 8, Col. San Isidro, C.P. 62731, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico

SUMMARY
Introduction – Moringa oleifera Lam. is an economically important plant owing to its content of bioactive substances such as glucosinolates, which are indolic aromatic phytocompounds with a hypoglucemic pharmacological effect. It is important to know which plant organ contains the greatest amount of glucosinolates, and in what part of the year. Objective – To identify and quantify glucosinolates in extracts from M. oleifera plant organs cultivated in Morelos, Mexico. Materials and methods – Phytochemical analysis was carried out using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) of M. oleifera plant organ extracts obtained from maceration in different solvents (water, ethanol, and methanol), collected in the rainy and dry seasons. Results and discussion – The glucosinolate content was greatest in the methanol extract. The optimum mobile phase for the separation of compounds was n-butanol, n-propanol, acetic acid, and water (3:1:1:1). A greater yield was obtained in the dry season in extracts from tender leaves (137 mg mL-1) than from mature leaves or flowers; in the rainy season, the greatest yield was in the extract from the flowers (97 mg mL-1). The accumulation of glucosinolates depends on various factors, such as the time of year. However, additional research is necessary to understand the mechanisms involved. Conclusion – There was greater production of glucosinolates in M. oleifera plants in tender leaves during the dry season and in flowers during the rainy season. Analysis with HPTLC-ESI-MS/MS identified the hypoglucemic glucosinolates acetyl-4-α-rhamnopyranosyloxy-benzyl glucosinolate and 4-α-rhamnopyranosyloxy-benzyl glucosinolate.

Keywords chromatography, glycosides, sinigrin, vegetable extracts

Significance of this study

What is already known on this subject?

  • Moringa oleifera seeds have hypoglycemic compounds, and have the quality of having abundant flowering, and leaves observed in the field; however, in the present work it was determined at what time of year and in which organ of Moringa it had the greatest amount of hypoglycemic.
What are the new findings?
  • The presence of glucosinolates in different organs can guide us in choosing the season for harvest, as well as the organs with the highest glucosinolate content.
What is the expected impact on horticulture?
  • There was greater production of glucosinolates in M. oleifera plants in tender leaves during the dry season and in flowers during the rainy season.

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E-mail: sevangel@ipn.mx  

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Received: 2 October 2023 | Accepted: 5 November 2023 | Published: 31 December 2023 | Available online: 31 December 2023

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