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   Fruits 75 (5) 183-193 | DOI: 10.17660/th2020/75.5.1
ISSN 0248-1294 print and 1625-967X online | © ISHS 2020 | Fruits, The International Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Horticulture | Original article
Differential response of banana cultivars (Musa spp.) to temperature-induced changes in fruit quality

K.S. Shivashankara1,a, K.C. Pavithra1, G.A. Geetha1, T.K. Roy1, Prakash Patil2, A.N. Patel3, N.B. Shaikh4, B.V.K. Bhagavan5 and Rema Menon6
1 Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR – Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560 089, Karnataka, India
2 Project Coordinator Cell (Fruits), ICAR – Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560 089, Karnataka, India
3 ICAR-AICRP (Fruits), Fruit Research Station, NAU, Gandevi 396 360, Navsari District, Gujarat, India
4 ICAR-AICRP (Fruits), Banana Research Station, Jalgoan 425 001, Maharashtra, India
5 ICAR-AICRP (Fruits), Agricultural Research Station, Kovvur 534 350, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India
6 ICAR-AICRP (Fruits), Banana Research Station, Kerala Agricultural University, Marakkal, Trissure 680 652, Kerala, India

SUMMARY
Introduction – Banana (Musa spp.) is one of the most widely consumed fruits in the world. Fairly good genetic diversity exists in banana for various fruit quality parameters. However, the changing climate, especially the rising temperature, is affecting the quality of fruit. Materials and methods – In this study, fruits of banana cultivars such as ‘Grand Naine’ (GN), ‘Robusta’, ‘Shrimanti’, ‘TellaChekkerakeli’ (TC), and ‘Nendran’, grown in different agro-climatic conditions of India (Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Kerala), and also in different seasons within a region, were assessed for fruit biochemical and antioxidant parameters and correlated with the temperature. Results and discussion – The results revealed that the total phenols, total flavonoids, titratable acidity, vitamin C, total antioxidant capacity (FRAP and DPPH) were significantly and positively correlated to temperature in all cultivars, whereas total carotenoids and total sugars were significantly and negatively correlated to temperature. β-carotene and cryptoxanthin were found to be the major carotenoid pigments and were maximum in cv. Nendran and minimum in cvs. GN and TC. Cultivars GN and Shrimanti were relatively less affected by the temperature when compared to cultivars Nendran and TC. Conclusion – Bunches harvested in February and October exhibited better quality than those harvested in June, due to relatively lower temperatures during the fruit growth period.

Keywords banana, carotenoids, phenols, sugars, temperature, total antioxidant capacity

Significance of this study

What is already known on this subject?

  • There is wide germplasm diversity for fruit quality in banana crop. Factors contributing for fruit quality are already known. Temperature and rainfall required for getting a good crop is also available. However, the rise in temperature on fruit quality parameters and the optimum growth temperature for better fruit quality is not yet reported for banana cultivars grown in India.
What are the new findings?
  • One of the ways to reduce the temperature effects on fruit quality is to identify the cultivars which are less affected by the rising temperatures and to alter the harvest time to get good quality fruits with better biochemical and antioxidant parameters in different cultivars of banana. Effect of temperature on fruit quality parameters in different cultivars is reported in this study. The study has also identified the varying response among cultivars to temperature with respect to fruit quality.
What is the expected impact on horticulture?
  • Bunches harvested in February and October exhibited better quality than those harvested in June. This will help in planning the planting time to coincide with the low temperatures during the fruit growth period which varies with region and cultivar.

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E-mail: Shivashankara.KS@icar.gov.in  

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Received: 13 January 2020 | Accepted: 14 June 2020 | Published: 24 September 2020 | Available online: 24 September 2020

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