ISSN 0248-1294 print and 1625-967X online | © ISHS 2018 | Fruits, The International Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Horticulture | Original article
Evaluation of production practices and yield enhancing techniques on productivity of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)
O.O. Olubode1,a, T.T. Joseph-Adekunle1, L.A. Hammed1 and A.O. Olaiya2
1 Department of Horticulture, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
2 Department of Plant Physiology and Crop Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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SUMMARY
Introduction – The high economic potentials of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) as a trade commodity has nothwithstanding been hampered by the universal low yield of the crop, a major production challenge that requires an urgent and drastic solution. Various research attempts to provide “High Tech” innovative approaches to increase production and productivity are yet to have meaningful impact. Nonetheless, traditional and cultural methods of improving and stabilizing yields have evolved through the years and would need standardization. Materials and methods – This paper reviews the important research gaps observed in the production practices, assesses the various biotic and abiotic factors that could contribute meaningfully to the immediate and future cashew production and productivity, and highlights important plant features to harness as potentials to further optimize crop development, crop management and economic output. Results and discussion – Different landraces of differing nut grades have been adopted for different ecological zones and these possess differing characteristics of crop growth, seed sizes, quality, and yields. Improving cashew growth and yields should commence at nursery stage for the selection of vigorous plants, use of dynamic population adjustment methods, control mechanisms for flowering, sex ratio adjustment and fruit set/retention, adoption of soil amendment methods for different soil types, incorporation of cropping system approaches to control weeds, and irrigation techniques for dry areas, and introduction of high grade varieties into production systems that will impact on the value chain, are those cultural practices that need appraisal. Conclusion – Optimizing cashew management practices can improve the economic, nutritional and industrial performances of this underutilized crop. Adoption of improved production practices will result in an increase in crop yield, accruable foreign exchange, and improved livelihood of growers, improvement in consumer healthy eating, and industrial evolution from increased production of processed nuts and overall higher output along the production value chain.
Résumé
Keywords Nigeria, cashew, Anacardium occidentale, crop management, cropping systems, postharvest management Mots clés Nigéria, noix de cajou, Anacardium occidentale, conduite de la culture, systèmes de culture, gestion post-récolte
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Significance of this study
What is already known on this subject?
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E-mail: olubodeoo@gmail.com olubodeoo@funaab.edu.ng
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Received: 17 December 2017 | Accepted: 16 February 2018 | Published: 23 March 2018 | Available online: 23 March 2018
