F.A. de Azevedo^1,a , C. de Andrade Pacheco¹, E. da Cruz Andrade¹, E.H. Schinor², M. Bastianel¹, M. Cristofani-Yaly¹, P. Marluci da Conceição², F. Micheli³ and C. Dhuique-Mayer^3
1 Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Anhaguera Highway, Km 158, 13490-970, Cordeirópolis, São Paulo State, Brazil
² Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Ufscar, Anhaguera Highway, Km 185, 13600-970, Cordeirópolis, São Paulo State, Brazil
³ CIRAD, Dept. Persyst, UMR QualiSud, Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France

SUMMARY Introduction – The tangor cv. Ortanique presents positive characteristics for the fresh fruit export market, however little is known about this genotype in Brazil. In this study, we evaluated the ideal harvest time on two rootstocks, the fruit juice carotenoid content and possible postharvest storage of ‘Ortanique’ fruit. Materials and methods – The cultivar was grafted on ‘Swingle’ citrumelo and Poncirus trifoliata and was evaluated to the following variables: plant height, diameter and canopy volume, fruit physical and chemical quality [mass, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA) and the ratio (SS/TA)], production and productive efficiency in each graft combination. Carotenoids content of ‘Ortanique’ fruit juice grafted on ‘Swingle’ was qualified by HPLC. The optimal storage time of ‘Ortanique’ (with or without wax, stored at 10 °C or at room temperature) were determined for six weeks storage. Results and discussion – The rootstock ‘Swingle’ provided great growth and plant production of ‘Ortanique’ plants while Poncirus trifoliata delayed fruit maturation. The ‘Ortanique’ fruit juice contained high levels of β-cryptoxanthin and cis-violaxanthin and the fruit could be stored at 10 °C for six weeks without losing quality. Conclusion – The ‘Ortanique’ tangor has productive potential for commercial cultivation in Brazil, being late-maturing, its fruit high in carotenoid content and possibly well adapted to long storage for export. Résumé ‘Ortanique’: une tangor à maturation tardive (Citrus sinensis × C. reticulata) à forte teneur en caroténoïdes. Introduction – Le tangor ‘Ortanique’ présente des caractéristiques positives pour le marché d’exportation de fruits frais, mais peu de choses sont connues au sujet de ce génotype au Brésil. Dans cette étude, nous avons évalué le temps de récolte idéal sur deux porte-greffes, la teneur en caroténoïde des jus de fruits et le stockage éventuel de fruits ‘Ortanique’ après la récolte. Matériel et méthodes – Le cultivar a été greffé sur le citrumelo ‘Swingle’ et Poncirus trifoliata et a été évalué selon les variables suivantes: hauteur de la plante, diamètre et volume de la canopée, qualité physique et chimique des fruits [masse, matières solubles (SS), acidité titrable (TA) et le rapport (SS/TA)], la production et l’efficacité productive dans chaque combinaison de greffage. La teneur en caroténoïdes du jus de fruit d’‘Ortanique’ greffé sur ‘Swingle’ a été analysée par HPLC. L’optimum de stockage de l’‘Ortanique’ (avec ou sans cire, stocké à 10 °C ou à température ambiante) a été déterminé sur six semaines de conservation. Résultats et discussion – Le porte-greffe ‘Swingle’ a permis une croissance accrue et une production végétative des ‘Ortanique’ tandis que Poncirus trifoliata a retardé la maturation des fruits. Le jus des fruits d’‘Ortanique’ contenait des niveaux élevés de β-cryptoxanthine et de cis-violaxanthine, et le fruit a pu être conservé à 10 °C pendant six semaines sans perte de qualité. Conclusion – Le tangor ‘Ortanique’ a un fort potentiel productif en culture commerciale au Brésil, avec une maturation tardive, un contenu élevé des fruits en caroténoïdes et sans doute bien adapté à un long stockage pour l’exportation. Keywords Brazil, mandarin, Citrus spp., rootstock, fruit physicochemical properties, postharvest management Mots clés Brésil, mandarine, Citrus spp., porte-greffe, propriétés physico-chimiques des fruits, gestion post-récolte

Significance of this study What is already known on this subject? The ‘Ortanique’ tangor is produced commercially in several countries, such as Uruguay, Argentina and Spain, but little is known about the productive potential of the cultivar in Brazil. What are the new findings? The productive efficiency of ‘Ortanique’ plants grafted on Poncirus trifoliata is high, when compared to the grafting on citrumelo rootstock ‘Swingle’. In both cases ‘Ortanique’ is late-maturing in Brazilian conditions and its fruit juice has a high content of carotenoids. What is the expected impact on horticulture? This cultivar presents a new option to extend the harvest period of tangerines in Brazil that is much concentrated in the middle of the year.

E-mail: fernando@ccsm.br  

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Received: 2 February 2017 | Accepted: 18 July 2017 | Published: 28 September 2017 | Available online: 28 September 2017