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   Eur.J.Hortic.Sci. 84 (3) 117-123 | DOI: 10.17660/eJHS.2019/84.3.1
ISSN 1611-4426 print and 1611-4434 online | © ISHS 2019 | European Journal of Horticultural Science | Original article
Opportunities and challenges in fruit tree and orchard modelling

T.M. DeJong
Department of Plant Sciences, UC Davis, Davis, USA

SUMMARY
Over the past 30 years there has been a virtual explosion in technology associated with data collection, analytical techniques and computational science. Scientists interested in fruit tree genetics, growth, physiology and management have unprecedented opportunities for using computer-based technologies to study and develop an integrated understanding of how trees function and can be optimally managed to meet the goals of growers in rapidly changing economic and climate contexts. Field and remote sensing and data transfer technology has made it possible to gather real-time data more quickly than ever before and there are a growing number of private enterprises who are collecting tree or orchard specific data but also a lack of creative ideas about how these data can be optimally used. Similarly, genotype-specific genetic data can be obtained for a fraction of the time and cost of a decade ago but the application of this genetic information to solve practical fruit production issues is still largely illusive. Determining optimal genotypes requires identifying optimal phenotypes, and optimizing phenotypes for specific environments requires dynamic and integrated understanding of how trees grow and respond to changing environments and management practices. The key to developing this understanding is computer modelling. From my perspective, modelling is best used to develop an integrated understanding of specific processes or phenomena and then applications of the derived models/understanding can be applied to address practical problems; rather than starting with a specific applied goal and trying to build a model primarily based on empirically-derived relationships without a fundamental, mechanistic understanding of the system. This is especially important with fruit trees since they are relatively large, long-lived, and their behavior is governed by multi-year phenomena; thus they are not as amenable to short-term empirical studies as annual crops. In this manuscript I will provide examples of how building a comprehensive model of fruit tree growth, architecture and physiology has led to model applications but will mostly focus on interesting opportunities for future modelling research.

Keywords carbon partitioning, fruit growth, shoot growth, root growth, carbohydrate storage, tree architecture, functional-structural modelling

Significance of this study

What is already known on this subject?

  • This paper outlines a talk that was presented at an ISHS symposium and is a brief summary of my thinking regarding challenges and opportunities for using computer simulation modelling to understand fruit tree development, growth and productivity.
What are the new findings?
  • This paper does not really present new findings but presents a synthesis of numerous aspects of fruit tree simulation modelling and how complex issues regarding integrated tree growth and physiology can be approached and understood through the process of computer modelling.
What is the expected impact on horticulture?
  • The goal of this paper is to promote the idea that understanding the complexity of fruit tree growth and productivity can be effectively approached through computer simulation modelling and this endeavor presents great opportunities for advancing horticultural understanding of tree crops.

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Received: 9 September 2017 | Accepted: 8 December 2017 | Published: 25 June 2019 | Available online: 25 June 2019

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