Vol. 63

Title:
Possible Use of Plant Peptide Hormone in Horticulture

Author:
Takuya Tetsumura

pp: 375

Abstract:
Plant hormones, phytohormones, are chemicals acting as signal molecules. They are produced in plants and occur in extremely low concentrations. They shape the plants and are environmentally responsive signal molecules. We accept that there are five major classes of plant hormones: abscisic acid, auxins, cytokinins, ethylene, and gibberellins. Recently, brassinosteroids, jasmonates, florigen (FT protein), plant peptide hormones, salicylic acid, and strigolactone have been identified as plant hormones by plant physiologists. However, I am sure that most people involved in horticulture do not know about plant peptide hormones and strigolactone.

Peptides are short amino acid chains and peptide hormones such as growth hormone, insulin, and vasopressin are well known as important hormones in animals. Peptides also exist in plants and, in recent years, many studies have demonstrated that peptide signaling plays a great role in various aspects of plant growth and development. Plant physiologists have found over 15 plant peptide hormones. Systemin is an 18 amino acid peptide and its main function is to coordinate defensive responses against insect herbivores through the production of jasmonic acid. Phytosulfokine is 5 amino acid peptide and promotes proliferation of plant cells. Stomagen is 102 amino acid peptide and controls differentiation of stomata. LUREs are 83 and 93 amino acid peptides that were identified as pollen-tube attractants.

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