Volume 74 Number 1 Article 4 Pages: 45-56
Year 2020 Month 1
Title: Nine-Year Rootstock Performance of the NC-140 ʽRedhavenʼ Peach Trial across 13 states
Authors: G. Reighard, W. Bridges Jr., D. Archbold, A. Atucha, W. Autio, T. Beckman, B. Black, D.J. Chavez, E. Coneva, K. Day, P. Francescatto, M. Kushad, R.S. Johnson, T. Lindstrom, J. Lordan, I.S. Minas, D. Ouellette, M. Parker, R. Pokharel, T. Robinson, J. Schupp, and D. Wolfe
Citation
Abstract:
Prunus rootstocks (13 to 18) budded with ‘Redhaven’ peach [Prunus rootstocks (13 to 18) budded with ‘Redhaven’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] were planted
at 16 locations in North America in 2009 and evaluated for nine years at all but 3 sites.
Significant differences
among rootstocks and sites were found for survival, root suckers, tree growth, flowering date, fruit
maturity date, fruit size, cumulative yield, and yield efficiency at the remaining 13 locations in 12 states in
2017. Survival was highest for the four peach seedling rootstocks.
In contrast, survival of non-peach species
and hybrid rootstocks was poor to fair in Missouri (cold injury, wet feet conditions), Illinois (unknown), and
in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina due to bacterial canker disease (Pseudomonas syringae).
Rootstocks ‘Krymsk® 1’, ‘Krymsk® 86’, ‘Empyrean® 2’, ‘Empyrean® 3’, ‘Controller™ 5’, ‘Imperial
California’, and ‘Rootpac® R’ were the most susceptible to tree death from bacterial canker in the four southeastern
states. ‘Fortuna’ exhibited incompatibility symptoms and had very high mortality at most locations.
Overall, ‘Imperial California’ and ‘Fortuna’ had the lowest survival.
Rootstock suckering was excessive on
Prunus americana seedlings, with lesser suckering noted on ‘Rootpac® R’, ‘Krymsk® 1’, ‘Empyrean® 2’, ‘Empyrean
® 3’ and Guardian®. Largest trees were on Prunus hybrids ‘Viking’, ‘Atlas’, ‘Bright’s Hybrid #5’ and
‘Krymsk® 86’, and peach seedlings Guardian® and Lovell.
Fruit size varied with location and crop load (i.e.,
some rootstocks had few fruit). ‘Atlas’, ‘Bright’s Hybrid #5’ and Guardian® produced the largest fruit across
locations though all but three rootstocks produced adequate or excellent size. ‘Controller™ 7’ and ‘Imperial
California’ produced slightly smaller fruit on average while ‘Fortuna’ had the smallest fruit across all sites.
Fruit weight varied significantly among locations.
South Carolina and Utah grew the largest fruit; whereas New
York and Georgia recorded the smallest fruit.
Cumulative yields were highest for the peach seedling rootstocks
Guardian®, Lovell, KV010127, and hybrids ‘Atlas’ and ‘Viking’. The lowest yields were from trees on plum
hybrids and plum species.
Cumulative yield efficiency after 9 years was highest on clonal peach rootstocks ‘Controller
™ 7’ and ‘Controller™ 8’ and the plums ‘Krymsk® 1’ and P. americana. These data suggest that there was
no demonstrated advantage to increase yield/ha by using clonal interspecific Prunus hybrids for peach production
under current cultural practices, but the potential to increase productivity per ha exists with higher planting
densities.
Moreover, on high pH soils in Colorado and Utah, peach seedlings were not the superior rootstocks for
production, so continuing evaluation of non-peach rootstocks is warranted.
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