Volume 65 Number 2 Article 2 Pages: 21-38
Year 2011 Month 4
Title: Performance of 'Fuji' and 'McIntosh' Apple Trees after 10 Years as Affected by Several Semidwarf Rootstocks in the 1999 NC-140 Apple Rootstock Trial
Authors: W.R. Autio, T.L. Robinson, B. Black, T. Bradshaw, J.A. Cline, R.M. Crassweller, C.G. Embree, E.E. Hoover, S.A. Hoying, K.A. Iungerman, R.S. Johnson, G. Lang, M.L. Parker, R.L. Perry, G.L. Reighard, M. Stasiak, M. Warmund, and D. Wolfe
Citation
Abstract:
‘Fuji’ and ‘McIntosh’ apple trees (Malus x domestica Borkh.) on CG.4814, CG.7707, Geneva® 30 (G.30N, liners
from normal stool beds), M.7 EMLA, M.26 EMLA, and Supporter 4 rootstocks were planted at six sites with ‘Fuji’
and ten sites with ‘McIntosh’ as the scion cultivar throughout North America as a uniform trial coordinated by
the NC-140 Multi-State Research Committee.
Partial plantings were established at one ‘Fuji’ and two ‘McIntosh’
sites, and Geneva® 210 (G.210) and G.30T (liners from stool beds established with tissue cultured plants) were
included in two ‘Fuji’ and four ‘McIntosh’ plantings.
After ten growing seasons, survival did not differ among
rootstocks overall with either scion cultivar; however, within sites, rootstock survival did vary.
After 10 years, few
differences in size were noted among ‘Fuji’ trees on the different rootstocks in the trial. ‘McIntosh’ trees, however,
separated into clear size categories, with the largest trees on M.7 EMLA. Those on G.30 and on Supporter 4 were
similar and slightly smaller than trees on M.7 EMLA but still would be considered semidwarfs.
Smallest trees
were on CG.4814, M.26 EMLA, and CG.7707 and would be considered large dwarf trees. ‘Fuji’ trees did not
have many burr knots. ‘McIntosh’ trees, however, had more severe burr knots, with M.7 EMLA encouraging the
greatest portion of the rootstock’s shank circumference affected.
Irrespective of scion cultivar, M.7 produced the
most root suckers, followed by CG.4814, and G.30. Cumulative yield was greatest for trees on G.30N for both
cultivars.
Lowest yielding ‘Fuji’ trees were on M.7 EMLA, and the lowest yielding ‘McIntosh’ trees were on
M.26 EMLA. The most yield efficient ‘Fuji’ trees were on G.30N, followed by those on CG.7707 and CG.4814.
The most yield efficient ‘McIntosh’ trees were on CG.4814, followed by those on CG.7707 and G.30N. The least
yield efficient trees of both cultivars were on M.7 EMLA. Average fruit size over the life of the trial was greatest
from trees on CG.7707. The smallest ‘Fuji’ fruit were from trees on CG.4814, and the smallest ‘McIntosh’ fruit
were from trees on M.26 EMLA.
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