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Abstract: Tricholoma matsutake has been one of the most favourable edible mushrooms among the Japanese ever since ancient days. However, the productivity of the mushroom is reducing recently according to the changes in Japanese life which had got their fuels mainly from pine forest and others up to two decades ago. So today it is becoming important and serious problem to invent the successful methods of the mushroom cultivation either in laboratory or in field. Since the begining of this century so many trials and numerous studies on physiological and ecological characters of it have been excuted. These researches were summerized and published in 1964 (The Matsutake Research Association, ed.). This fungus could be isolated from the fruit-body (Hamada, 1955) and showed the typical physiological characters of ectomycorrhizal fungi (Ogawa, 1964). This fungus has the ecological characters to propagate in the forest disturbed by human, to inhabit in the mineral soil with scarse soil organic matters and to form the parasitic ectomycorrhiza with pine and some other coniferous trees (Masui, 1927). This fungus and its allied species with the similar ecological characters distribute all over Japan islands (Hamada and Ogawa, unpublished). Ecologically this fungus belongs to the fairly ring type fungus among higher fungi. The places where the mushrooms are growing have been called Shiro which means white color, castle or place in Japanese since old days among people. We also have applied this word to mean the fungal colonies in field and their organized microbial communities. This report is the summary of the papers which are being published recently in the series (Ogawa, 1975a, b).
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