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Abstract: Basidiomycetes include Lentinus edodes, Agaricus bisporus, Volvaria bombycina, Tricholoma matsutake. Boletus edulis, etc., which are important as foodstuffs. Of late, attempts have been made to develop the techniques on cultivation for all season industrial production of these edible mushrooms. Problems encountered in that efforts may be divided into the following two: One is that the conventional methods of cultivation of edible mushrooms involve the vegetative and generative phases, resulting in the prolonged period for cultivation and complex control of cultivation. The way proposed by these writers (Yoshida et ed., 1965) to solve this problem is to divide the process of fruit-body formation into the vegetative and generative phases, and then, to adopt for the vegetative phase the submerged culture which is conducive to attaining the mass culture and high rate of growth. Furthermore, the nutrient requirements, as examined with regard to the vegetative and generative growth, are found evidently different between them in quantity and quality. Accordingly, by permitting the organisms in the respective phases to make their growth under the optimum conditions, the rate of growth and yield have been enhanced (Oyama et al., 1976). On the other hand, many studies have been pursued without success on the in vitro fruit-body formation of such simbiotic basidiomycetes as Tricholoma matsutake (Hamada, 1964), Lyophyllum aggregatum, and Boletus edulis (de Waart and Bels, 1972), etc. This problem is very interesting not only because of the industrial importance of the production of edible mushrooms but from the standpoint of the elucidation of the mechanism (Leonard and Dick, 1968; Oyama et al., in press; Uno and Ishikawa, 1971, 1973) of differentiation as well. From the standpoint stated above, the writers have attempted to make the artificial cultivation of Tricholoma matsutake and Lyophyllum aggregatum which form mycorrhiza on softwood and of Boletus edulis. Boletus aereus, etc., which form mycorrhiza on hardwood, with a few notable results, which are reported hereunder.
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