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Abstract: Mushroom cultivation is practised in Czechoslovakia traditionally already since the last century. Although the production of fruit-bodies of the mushroom Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus bitorquis is not too high, considerable attention is paid to the research of the cultivation of these fungi. The larger part of the recently obtained research results has been published at the International Symposium which took place in May 1974 in Czechoslovakia. The cultivation of oyster mushrooms /Pleurotus ostreatus/ and Stropharia rugoso-annulata is at present in Czechoslovakia in the initial stage of development. Pleurotus ostreatus is cultivated at 5 farms and Stropharia rugosoannulata by amateurs on small areas, for inst. on garden plots. For the cultivation of the recently isolated strains of these fungi mostly wheat straw is used and a short-termed fermentation is recommended-thermic treatment at 50-70°C for 1-2 days. It has been established, that in fermented substrates a large number of thermo-tolerant sporoform bacteria is abundant /for instance Bac. subtilis, Bac. mesentericus, Bac. macerans/ and that some strains of these bacteria are creating a slime on the straw surface or dextrin crystals. In substrates inoculated with selected strains of these bacteria, mycelia of Pleurotus ostreatus and Stropharia rugoso-annulata grew better than in substrates which were not inoculated and also the growth of competitive mould was inhibited. The physiological properties of the newly isolated strains of mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus and Stropharia rugoso-annulata were also investigated. The mycelium of various strains of Pleurotus ostreatus utilized different sources of nitrogenous and carbonaceous nutrients. It grew mostly slowly in a nutrient medium without nitrogen. This finding evoked the suspicion, that the mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus is able to fix atmospheric nitrogen. At the initial experiments it was established, that the fixation of atmospheric nirogen of two strains of this mushroom can attain 2.6-4.0 mg per 1 g of fermented glucose. The results of these experiments have to be verified, however, using further methods. /At the time being these experiments are carried out by Dr. Ginterova in Bratislava/. Experiments have been made with the cultivation of more species of fungi. Most of these experiments have been carried out meanwhile on a laboratory scale. Agrocybe aegerita was cultivated on a mixture of straw and remainders of maize cobs with an addition of sawdust and other materials. The yield of fruit-bodies which are very appetizing was relatively low. Dr. Semardzieva, however, obtained lately new strains which provide higher yields.
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