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Abstract: On the cultivation of the edible fungi, it is necessary that the mycelia of Shii-ta-ke (Lentinus edodes (BERK.) SING.) should grow and elongate certainly in the bed log as soon as possible for the sake of the development of the fruit-body and of the prevention of various harmful fungi. In general, it takes one and a half or two years until the production of the fruit-bodies after inoculation in the log-wood. The harvest in a short period is required by the cultivators. It is very important that the healthy and strong mycelia should be incubated. The various methods of the hyphae culture were tested by the late AKIYAMA. The breeding of fungi and the new method of the hyphae culture have been investigated in order to get the best fruit-body. However, it is very difficult to decise the character of the fungus as compared with higher plants and to obtain a true breed. Characters of the fungus vary from each other on the environmental conditions (temperature, moisture, light, and nutritions). Therefore, various characters of fungi appear in the field. And also various methods of cultivation have been considered by many investigators. In general, the cultivation of edible fungi is a side business for the farmer in Japan. The farmer's mind has not been opened positively to the new method. In these circumstances, we have studied since 1961 on the new cultivation whether or not many fruit-bodies were obtained in a short period. The fundamental idea was offered by the late Naotada AKIYAMA. The harvest of many fungi in a short period can not only produce much money, but also economise the use of log-woods. When it takes two or three years to get the harvest of fungi, the bed log failure is very often found due to the contamination of various harmful fungi and mold. Many cultivators had to give up the fungus-cultivation. An improvement of the cultivation has long been investigated. The late AKIYAMA improved the cultivation method and succeeded in the fruiting in a short period. The cultivation method of the fruiting in a short period (six months) after the inoculation of the mycelia incubated with the sawdust medium was named AKIYAMA'S method in Autumn, 1964. This cultivation was carried out in the southern part of Yamanashi Prefecture at first. The place belongs to the warmer region in Yamanashi Pref. and so it was considered that the development of fungi after six months might be due to the warm weather. However, such results cannot be completely judged from one or two experiments. The new cultivation was tested in various places of Japan. Many cultivators reported the harvest in a short period (six months) after the inoculation. The same production of fungi had been demonstrated ever since 1963. AKIYAMA'S method has been admired and popularized in various parts of Japan. From Hokkaido and Aomori in the northern part of Japan to Shikoku and Kyushu in the southern part, the satisfactory achievements were obtained everywhere in the past ten years. As the first fruiting of fungi appears in a short period, the harvest per annum is 3 or 4 times the harvest by the conventional method. AKIYAMA'S method is effective not only for Shii-ta-ke (Lentinus edodes), but also for Nameko (Pholiota nameko) and golden Shimeji (Pleurotus cornucopiae). The present paper is to describe AKIYAMA'S method of the fungus cultivation.
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