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Abstract: A mushroom mycelium together with microorganisms colonizing the compost form a mixed culture. A part of the microbial population of the mixed culture develops already during composting, e.g. on preparing a mushroom nutrient substrate by the fermentation of horse manure or other materials, the population is different from that developing during the growth of mushroom mycelium. Microorganisms colonizing the compost during the fermentation were studied by HAYES, 1969; IMBERNON and LEPLAE, 1972; RENOUX-BLONDEAU, 1959 ; STANĖK, 1969, 1972; WAKSMAN et al, 1939; etc. STANĖK and ĖATECKĀ (1967) found that some microorganisms - thermophilic actinomycetes of genus Streptomyces and thermotolerant fungi of genus Humicola decomposed cellulose and produced vitamins influencing advantageously the growth of mushroom mycelium. Later, it has been established that the polysaccharides produced by thermotolerant bacteria were better utilized by the mushroom mycelium than glucose (STANĖK et al, 1973). Less attention was given to microorganisms colonizing a compost simultaneously with the mushroom mycelium. First data regarding changes in bacterial population in the compost with mushroom mycelium were obtained by the microbiological analysis carried out in 1967. These results showed that a study of microorganisms associated with mushroom mycelium in the compost was important and, therefore, their detailed investigation started.
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