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Abstract: Since the first description of an infectious disease of the cultivated mushroom by Sinden and Häuser (1950) in Pennsylvania, U.S.A., mushroom disorders of similar nature have been observed in most mushroom-growing regions of the world. Various names like 'La France' (Sinden and Häuser, 1950), 'Brown disease' and 'Watery Stipe' (Gandy, 1960), 'X-disease' (Kneebone, Lockard, and Hager, 1962) and 'Die-back disease' (Gandy and Hollings, 1962) were given to these disorders due to the variety of symptoms observed and the difficulty of determining their causes. Gandy (1962) demonstrated that the infectious agent of the Die-back of mushrooms is transmissible through hyphal anastomosis; later, Gandy and Hollings (1961, 1962) and Hollings (1962) showed that this disease is caused by three types of viruses designated as mushroom viruses 1, 2, and 3 measuring 25 nm diameter, 29 nm diameter and 19 x 50 nm respectively. More recent investigations on diseases of more or less similar nature from the United States (Hager, 1966; Mattoni and Mattoni, 1971), U.K. (Hollings, Stone, and Atkey, 1967), the Netherlands (Dieleman and Temmink, 1968), and Australia (Taylor, 1969; Nair, 1969) have resulted in the detection of different types of particles (Table 1).
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