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Abstract: For the last couple of years the yield on many Dutch mushroom farms was reduced by a mysterious disease which showed certain similarities to 'Die-back disease' in England Various symptoms of this disease are described. The disease-causing agent was transmissible to healthy mushroom cultures by means of diseased mycelium, which showed a very slow and declining growth as compared to healthv mycelium. A great number of samples was taken from various mushroom farms where the unknown disease had been reported. A special purification method was applied and led to the observation of three types of virus particles in the samples under study 1 'spherical' particles, diameter 25 nm (Hollings's Mushroom virus 1?), 2 elongated particles with rounded ends, size 19 × 50 nm (Hollings's Mushroom virus 3?), 3 'spherical' particles, diameter 34 nm, with a distinct hexagonal outline These particles differ considerably from Hollings's Mushroom virus 2 (diameter 29 nm). No virus particles were observed in samples of apparently healthy mushrooms. Mostly we found a combination of the three types of virus particles m varying concentration ratios. The mixture has been shown to be infectious by mechanical inoculation of healthy mushrooms using a cell-free virus preparation.
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