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Abstract: Anchored inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis was applied in the evaluation of genetic diversity for cultivars of five species of edible mushrooms in China: Auricularia auricular, Grifola frondosa, Flammulina velutipes, Pholiota nameko and Agrocybe cylindracea. The optimal operating system was established for current use to mushroom cultivars, including primers, PCR reaction system, and electrophoresis condition. The amplified segments were 200–3000 bp long and separated clearly from every sample under the operating system. The genetic distance was more than 0.4 among the cultivars in one species. The ISSR profiles displayed abundant diversity and stable repetition in this study. The analysis showed that the wild strain was a large distance from the cultivars and the distance was closer in inter-cultivars under the species. This study suggests that ISSR could be used as molecular marker for differentiation of mushroom cultivars.
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