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Abstract: During the last 30 years, Pleurotus has become one of the most widely cultivated edible mushrooms. Commercial as well as low cost production systems have been successfully developed in many countries. The rapid increase in the world production of Pleurotus can be explained by its growth characteristics. It has excellent saprophytic ability, potent enzymatic systems for the efficient degradation of lignocellulosic material and efficiently converts organic matter into fruiting bodies. The results obtained in the senior author’s laboratory during the last several years are discussed with particular attention to the following issues: a) problems with substrate production in different systems, b) incubation in tunnels, c) selection of species and strains for yield and quality, d) factors limiting the yield of fruiting bodies under large-scale production, e) low cost and industrial systems for production in tropical, subtropical and temperate areas, f) utilization of spent compost as animal feed and organic fertilizer, g) degradation potential for xenobiotics (PAH, dioxine, and TNT), h) large-scale bioremediation of soil and i) biotransformation of organic molecules. Within the context of these topics, future perspectives and new research developments in biotechnology are presented.
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