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Abstract: Agaricus bisporus is the most widely cultivated species of edible mushroom. However, it is usually considered to be of lesser value nutritionally and medicinally compared to other mushrooms that are grown predominantly in Asia. This paper focuses on bioactive components of nutritional and medicinal importance in A. bisporus as compared to Lentinula edodes (shiitake) and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster), the second and third most widely cultivated mushrooms, respectively. Agaricus bisporus mushrooms compare favorably, especially brown strains harvested fully mature (portabella), to shiitake and oyster mushrooms. In addition, the bioactive properties of 1-octen-3-ol and 10-oxo-trans-8-decenoic acid (ODA), natural metabolites of most mushrooms, will be discussed. These compounds are formed by the action of lipoxygenase and hydroperoxide lyase on linoleic acid when tissues are damaged or disrupted. Emphasis will be placed on the hormonal properties of ODA that stimulate growth and secondary metabolite production by mycelia and fruiting body formation from mycelia at low concentrations of the dissociated acid. Also, antimicrobial properties of ODA are demonstrated at higher concentrations and at reduced pH values when this oxo-acid is primarily undissociated.
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