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Abstract: The species diversity and dynamics of micromycetes in mushroom compost, peat casing soil and hyphosphere of Agaricus bisporus (HS) during mushroom development are described. A total number of 138 micromycetes from 48 genera (mainly from Moniliaceae) was found; 87 microfungi in compost and 108 in casing soil. Fifty-nine species have been discovered in mushroom subsfrate for the first time (e.g. from the Oomycetes class). Cladobotrium multiseptatum de Hoog and Phytophthora megasperma Drechler have been found for the first time in Russia. Five species of macromycetes from Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes were found in the casing layer. The highest number of micromycetes in the substrate was observed during the period of maximum mushroom yield. The numbers of micromycetes started to increase at the beginning of the flushes and were reduced during the intervals between them. In each layer the complex of species was different. The typical (dominant, frequent, rare) and occasional species were determined. The mushroom hyphosphere (HS) was colonized by 41 species. The dynamics of the number of micromycetes in HS differed from that of the substrate. The species in HS were similar in both substrate layers. Some of the hyphosphere micromycetes have a beneficial and some have a negative effect on mushroom mycelium. These interactions are of vital importance for the colonization of the subsfrate by mushroom mycelium.
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