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Abstract: Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique, the interspecific and intraspecific polymorphism of two species of Agaricus, A. bisporus and A. bitorquis, was analyzed. The data show that there is a high degree of genetic similarity among the strains of A. bisporus while there is a relative high degree variation among the strains of A. bitorquis. The interspecies consanguinity between these two species is not as close as expected. Analysis of the genetic relationship of the strains of two genetic families of A. bisporus shows obvious decreasing tendency of DNA amplification polymorphism in homokaryons. As the number of genetic generations increases, the genetic distance between progenies and the original parents from which hybrids are derived increases. Furthermore, the differences of RAPD patterns of two types of A. bisporus with different agronomic traits (high productive type with poor quality vs. low productive type with good quality) were analyzed. A 2,000 bp DNA fragment, which associated with good quality of the fruitbody, was obtained and cloned into pUC19. This work statistically revalues the genetic relationship between A. bispoms and A. bitorquis at the DNA level, and tries to find a more convenient and feasible way to follow the procedure of cross breeding using DNA markers to improve the preciseness of prediction of the phenotype of hybrids, such as establishing a set of effective DNA probes or PCR primers specifically associated with some important traits of interest of A. bisporus.
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