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Abstract: Improvement of cultivars, whether mushrooms or plants, is facilitated by associating genetic markers with expressed, heritable phenotypic traits. Such markers may then be used to characterize and organize breeding stocks in order to select those parents, gametes, or homokaryons that may transmit a desired trait into their hybrid offspring. The necessary components of such an approach are: phenotypic traits, genetic markers, knowledge of the breeding system, knowledge of trait heritability and expression, and statistical analysis of the relationships between markers and traits. There has been steady, gradual progress in developing markers for traits in A. bisporus. Both Mendelian genes and quantitative trait loci have been mapped and marked. Additionally, markers for the highly polymorphic mitochondrial chromosome have been used to study its contribution to the heterokaryon phenotype. This paper presents examples and reviews progress in the use of genetic markers in mushroom breeding.
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