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Abstract: Comparison of fruit bodies of Pleurotus pulmonarius grown on both synthetic and natural substrates revealed differences in the pattern of differentiation of hyphal compartments. Hyphae of fruit bodies formed on potato extract agar (PEA) had less stainable cytoplasmic material and many more vacuoles than hyphae of fruit bodies formed on wheat straw. The existence of such substrate-dependent differences in hyphal differentiation implies that experimentation grossly disturbs the events that the experiments were designed to study. Despite the ultrastructural differences the hyphal compartments were of similar length, and those formed on PEA were 13% greater diameter, although fruit bodies formed on agar media were only about 5% of normal size. This suggests that the control mechanisms which ensure that the normal shape is achieved despite the fewer cells depends more on the amount of cytoplasm in the compartment than on the physical volume of the compartment. If the causative factor that determines ultrastructure can be established, there may be scope for manipulating the organoleptic nature of the mushroom crop by manipulating composition of the substrate used for its production.
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