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Abstract: During the past 3 years, clusters and malformations have occured on a large scale in crops of Dutch farms. Data obtained from affected crops showed no correlation with the origin of basic materials, i.e. compost, casing soil or spawn. In addition, no correlations were found with different climate controls or cultivation techniques used by growers. However, a clear correlation was found with certain spawn batches. Extreme variations in climate and in cultivation techniques applied in the test facilities at the Experimental Station did not evoke any symptoms. Furthermore, compost could not be colonized with spawn prepared from tissue cultures from clusters and malformed fruit bodies. Microscopical examination of mycelium derived from clusters and malformed fruit bodies showed a change in hyphal morphology. No indications were found for the presence of pathogens. When protoplasts were made of tissue cultures derived from fruit bodies with symptoms only one type of homokaryon could be recovered. Genetic analysis, however, showed that no deheterokaryotization had occured and no indications were found for chromosomal loss.
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