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Abstract: An analysis of the pairings of the homokaryotic progeny from wild Pleurotus strains was conducted in order to assess the number and distribution of the incompatibility factors in natural populations of P. pulmonarius and P. ostreatus. Mating-type alleles appeared to be randomly distributed, even when basidiomata were collected from small areas. In such a P. pulmonarius sample confined in a 5 km2 territory and consisting of 19 dikaryons, 29A and 27B factors were identified (out of an estimated total of 64A and 44B) yielding a high outbreeding efficiency of 96.2%. Two recombinant factors were recovered from this group of individuals: one novel A allele not detected to exist among the parentals and one B allele identical with parental B factors. Additionally, a survey on the incompatibility alleles of 10 P. ostreatus strains occurring in Greece revealed 16 A factors and 18 B factors (among 48 A and 95 B estimated in nature) and an outbreeding efficiency of 96.9%. Furthermore, interspecific and intraspecific crossing experiments were carried out among the isolates belonging to the species mentioned before, and other homokaryons derived from the P. columbinus, P. sajor-caju and P. sapidus taxa. The evidence obtained was studied to provide information on the genetic relationships within the genus Pleurotus.
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