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Abstract: The cultivation of straw mushroom, Volvariella volvacea (Bull, ex Fr.) Sing. was conducted at Bangbuathong, Nonthaburi in central Thailand where five dominant genera of fungi, Sclerotium rolfsii, Trichoderma spp., Gliocladium spp., Coprinus spp. and Pénicillium spp. were found destroying the mushroom during the traditional outdoor cultivation. Among those fungi only S. rolfsii was observed to cause infection to the straw mushroom. Twenty-seven genera of fungi have been isolated from the soil around the mushroom beds of which six genera namely Aspergillius spp., Fusarium spp., Gliocladium spp., Pénicillium spp., Paecelomyces spp., and Trichoderma spp. were the dominant ones. There was no aignificant correlation observed between the fungal species and the yield of mushroom. For the isolation of fungi from the outdoor cultivation, the fungi frequently found were T. koningii, T. longibrachiatum, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, P. citrianum, Mucor spp., Rhizopus spp., Neurospora spp. and Coprinus spp.
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