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Abstract: Shiitake mushroom grows wild in the forest on evergreen Japanese oak (Castanopsis cuspidata Schottky). It can be found in many countries including Taiwan, Mongolia, Indonesia, New Zealand, Chile, Peru and Russia. At present, it has been cultivated extensively in Taiwan, Japan, Korea and the People's Republic of China on wood logs of the Fagaceae family (Oak) such as: Quercus serata ThundQuercus acutissima Capr. Quercus mongolica Fischer Castanea crenata The potential of shiitake mushroom growing in Thailand is rather bright. The mushroom is already a popular food commodity in this country, and is at present imported from other countries. The price of dried mushroom in Bangkok ranges between 500-800 baht per kilogramme. Since there is plenty of oak wood available on the highlands at an elevation between 800-1,400 metres above sea level, to introduce shiitake mushroom cultivation methods to the highlanders and hilltribes is highly attractive. These various species of oak wood are called "Ko" in Thai, such as: Ko Dual (Castanopsis accuminatissima Rehd.) Ko Paen (Castanopsis indica A.DC.) Ko Nam (Lithocarpus auriculatus Barnett) Ko Ta Mu (Quercus Kerrii Craib) Ko Ta Lap (Quercus semiserata Roxb.) Ko Sae (Anacolosa ilicoides Masters) Ko Dang (Lithocarpus lindleyanus A. Cannes) Ko Dam (Quercus kingiana Craib) Ko Daeng (Quercus brandisiana Kurz) Ko Laem (Castanopsis argentea A.DC.) Ko Nok (Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd.) Ko Hin (Lithocarpus Lanceafolia Hick and A. Camus) These "Ko" species grow in mixed forest in the mountainous areas of Northern Thailand. The most common species and can easily be found are Ko Dual, Ko Paen, Ko Nam and Ko Ta Mu.
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