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Abstract: The growing of A. bisporus in China may be dated back about fifty years. Mushrooms produced at that time were marketed fresh as one kind of luxurious veg table in only a few large cities. The producing amount was negligible in comparison with that of today. From the beginning of the 1950's, in order to meet the requirement of the canning industry, the growing of mushrooms increased rapidly. The total amount of the canned product exceeded 70 tousand tonnes within the continental region in 1979. In spite of the rapidly increasing amount, the growing of mushrooms is still far from being on an industrial scale. Most of the growers operated on the small scale as a part-time job or a family subsidiary occupation. The growing area of individual farms was seldom larger than 100m and the average unit yield was about 5 kg/m2. For years, mushroom growers attempted to increase the productivity of their crops but gained little. In 1978, the reasons for the low yields were extensively studied and analysed into the following: 1. The growing rooms were not well constructed. The heat insulating was poor. There were neither cooling systems or heating systems insatlled. The air temperature and the bed temperature could not be well controlled. 2. The spawn used had not been well selected. 3. The composting process was primitive. No phase II procedure was used. Among these points, the third one was considered to be primarily important and experimental works were carried out accordingly.
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