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Abstract: Cytology, Genetics and Spawn Making : Work along these lines has given us information fundamental to strain improvement. Cytological studies and comparison of monosporous cultures indicate that improved commercial strains of the white mushroom variety can be obtained by single spore isolations or by combination of these isolates. A background for an understanding of the problems of developing and maintaining these strains has been furnished by the studies of Kligman and in the theories of balanced heterocaryons as outlined by Beadle and Coonradt, and by Pontecorvo ; also from experience gained in maintaining cultures by other industries using the products of fungi. These are outlined in Foster's recent book on the "Chemical Activities of Fungi" (1949). Mushroom Nutrition in Pure Culture : Our new concepts in this field are derived largely from Treschow's studies with liquid cultures. Some of the more important new discoveries are : (1) nitrate nitrogen is not utilized by mushroom mycelium, (2) xylan and cellulose are more readily assimilated than lignin, (3) calcium is an essential nutrient and is antagonistic to potassium and magnesium, (4) ammonium salts are toxic in comparatively low concentrations, (5) urea is acceptable as a source of N in aerated liquid culture (Humfeld) and (6) vitamins are essential.
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