Volume 57 Number 3 Article 20
Year 2003 Month 7
Title: Performance of Six Asturian Apple (Malus x domestica) Cultivars Growing on Two Rootstocks for Cider Production
Authors: B. Diaz-Hernandez, M. Ciordia-Ara, M. Coque-Fuertes and S. Pereira-Lorenzo
Abstract:
Cider production is a traditional industry in Northern Spain and it needs specific cultivars to produce
a high quality beverage.
Six cultivars selected in Asturias (Spain) for cider production, 'Blanquina',
'Cristalina', 'Marialena', 'Reineta Encarnada', 'Raxao' and 'Teorica' have been tested to determine
their performance during eleven years on fwo rootstocks, MM.106 and MM.111. Full bloom was quite
late with all cultivars, from 28 April to 20 May, which could be of interest in areas with late frost.
The
harvest time of 'Marialena' was particularly early, and could be inconvenient for the cider industry.
MM.106 and MM.Ill showed similar vigor in our conditions, but MM.106 induced a higher productivity with some cultivars.
With both rootstocks, 4x3.5 m was an insufficient planting distance for all
cultivars except 'Cristalina' which could be planted closer.
All cultivars began to fruit the fourth year
except 'Blanquina' and 'Cristalina', which fruited the fifth and sixth year, respectively.
The most productive cultivar during the first two years was 'Marialena'.
All cultivars exhibited biennial bearing except 'Cristalina'. Considering total production after ten
years, two groups could be established: i) cvs.
Blanquina, Marialena and Raxao, with more than 200
kg/tree, and ii) cvs.
Cristalina, Reineta Encarnada and Te6rica, with less than 170 kg/tree.
The most vigorous cultivars were 'Marialena' and 'Raxao'. 'Blanquina', 'Te6rica' and 'Marialena' had high productivity and are recommended using MM.106 rootstock in our conditions. 'Raxao' is also quite interesting though it should be grafted on a dwarf rootstock such as M.9. 'Cristalina' should be rejected because
it is non-precocious with low productivity, and likewise 'Reineta Encarnada' which was the least productive cultivar tested.
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